There are three broad interpretations of the Bible accepted in Christian circles these days, dominion, stewardship, and citizenship ethics. The dominion ethic holds that people were created in the image of God and granted mastery over nature to do with it as we please, negative side-effects on exploited ecosystems are of no importance because only heaven matters. The stewardship ethic reads the Bible differently. It finds support for a belief that man is the reason for creation, but that must keep the world we have been entrusted a beautiful life sustaining gem, which we should use but not exploit. Lastly there is the citizen ethic that claims we are merely citizens in a natural world. All of God’s creation is equal in His eyes. Across these three schools of thought there is a gradation of spirit-body dualism from absolute in the dominion ethic to only the slightest trace of dualism in the citizenship ethic. The dualistic attitude toward nature inculcated in Genesis is often blamed for many of our environmental problems. If we are to have dominion over the world and subdue it, then we will do with it as we please, and the Hebrew word, ‘subdue’ has a harsh militaristic sense to it. Reading that passage literally we were enjoined by God to wage war on the surrounding environment, to wrest a living from it. (Black, 37) This is the dominion worldview that Lynn White Jr. attacked vigorously.